Dot Net Interview Questions - Dot Net Faq
Microsoft dot net is a software that helps us to develop the application for different environments and for different devices. We can build XML web services and web application for the environment like the Internet. We can also window-based application server components and applications, integrated) on PC and mobile devices such as dot net different applications and devices using standards such as HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer ProtocolXML and SOAP(Simple Access Protocol)
The feature that must be supplied. NET is so popular, written exchange of data between two applications in different languages and different environments. XML Web Services enable the exchange of data. Another possibility here is in. NET Remoting, which help us, the exchange of data between two calculated using binary or HTTP protocols. This turns on all Web protocols.
The one of main component in .net framework is CLR. It provides run time environment and various services to our applications. There are various components in CLR too. This component provides runtime environment and infrastructure to our applications.
Some brief works of CLR components are:
? Class Loader: It loads classes at runtime;
? MSIL: It converts msil code to native code.
? Password Manager: Manages code during execution.
? Garbage Collector: Automatic memory management.
? Security engine: performance and security restrictions.
? Type Checker: Helps in strict type checking.
? Thread support: support multi-threaded applications.
? Exception Manager: Handle runtime exceptions;
? Debug Engine: debug environment different types of applications.
? Com stories: exchange data with COM application;
? Base Library support: for the application type.
3 Reasons to Host Your Web Site in a Linux Server
It is more and more common that a person owns a site that can be used for blog, family website, small business website or a forum. And hosted the majority of small or medium size websites in a Linux environment. Why do so many webmasters would like to take this decision?
I think below are 3 key reasons for it.
1) Stable
As an open source operating system, code of Linux is open to the public so that anyone can read it and suggest improvements or point out bugs. Over the years, Linux has been developed in various flavors (the most famous one is Red Hat). Thousands and thousands of people have contributed their time and effort to making Linux web hosting run faster and to provide simpler, more efficient and bug free code. With an open programming environment, improvements are made on a continual basis and problems are seen relatively quickly and solved with a minimum of difficulty.
And for the same reason why there are so consistent is the security level of Linux also higher than Windows.
2) Cheap
Linux is provided free to all. Unlike Windows, you have to pay thousands of dollars permission. This is why Linux, a list of sites hosting package prices far below the window, the lower part of web hosting package.
3) A number of free scripts help setting up the web site
Open-source world is as beautiful as it could be. Many people contribute, from different perspectives, such as operating system, software development tools or applications. Linux, php and MySQL have a very popular platform, is to build an application. Right now, you can have many very good open-source application for the establishment of a forum to find a blog, image galleries, etc. And all of which are free and are easily installed. My SQL and PHP and runs on Windows, Linux, work only with an ideal platform for them.
More reasons, the webmaster to host your own Web site I want to choose Linux. However, if only a general guideline, your website, other than to build it using asp.net sql server or if, Linux is always your best choice.
Reference:
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.net Development
In the world of computers, software and hardware as important, this is Microsoft has over time had passed since the original operating system, they have new ways to improve their software and look forward to the creation, understanding it is more efficient cross-platform, not only users, but developers as well.
The.Net that framework in mind, the purpose is in this environment, JavaScript runtime environment, the interaction of the program, compile, and security - is, in the past few years, growth in the software industry dramatically The needs of users and their computers were designed to further processing and is similar to the way that they want a high demand for software applications to meet these expectations.
Because of this accelerated growth concentrated in the Microsoft's platform independence and network transparency, in order to make it fully updated, it needs to work on different hardware, no major problems, which include desktop and at the same time server. . NET environment provides a number of advantages of software developers who want to produce, without having to worry about programming languages and hardware capabilities of the applications to meet his request. Net using the so-called "common language runtime", or CLR.
The. Net framework provides all the necessary for developing applications using non-graphical user interface or a graphical user interface object in any programming language necessary for libraries, also known as graphical user interface, this framework is also using the latest innovation from the technology such as ASP. Net, and even XML-based Web services applications.
Since this framework is so flexible, programmers tend to use it in order to code their applications, programming languages such as C++, C#, Visual Basic, J++.net and even Delphi are popular languages which can be handled by the .Net framework however, it is not limited to only these languages because it has been developed to provide language independence as well as interoperability and security.
As more and more users are asking for applications to be run their hardware, software developer and the programming of the industry as a whole constantly on the demand, why. Net software development has become so important to be.
Improving the Management of Output in an Sap Environment
The customer associated with this case study is a large, multi-national manufacturer of chain saws and outdoor power equipment, gasoline and electric grass
Business Problem – The company faced a multi-faceted business problem.They were in the process of upgrading their SAP environment and wanted to be able to offload the print spooler services from the application servers.Being able to separate the application servers from the print spooler and print management system would allow them to improve performance on the application servers, but more importantly, it would allow them to create a print architecture that was independent of the SAP print spooling system and their dependency on SAPscript to manage enterprise document formatting.They wanted to be able to utilize an off the shelf, standard electronic forms package to manage the document formatting and eliminate the high cost of maintaining SAPscript programming and staff expertise.Through the implementation of an independent print architecture, they also will be able to increase the efficiency of the IT organization and increase the efficiency of output/print driven business processes such as Just in Time Manufacturing processes, shipping, and materials management.
Objective– In order to improve end-user support and satisfaction, system administrators needed a single, automated, enterprise-wide print spooler solution to manage print jobs and print queues. End-users needed a tool that would allow them to manage print themselves, improve the efficiency of their print related business processes and relieve the burden of print related calls to the help desk. Additionally, they needed to be able to fax print jobs directly from their application instead of printing them and then faxing them and have the option of “printing” a job to email for delivery instead of to a physical printer.The fax and email functionality was not possible in their environment without significant application changes.
Customer Technical Environment - See diagram
- SAP R/3
Enterprise Management
Product R&D
Make to Order
After Market Sales & Service
- 500 + users
- Seven IBM AIX Servers
- Legacy applications (developed in house) and associated servers
- See diagram – At the end of this document
Key Technical Requirements– The solution this customer implemented needed to be an SAP certified solution tested to meet the BC-XOM standard for external output management solutions.Additionally, the customer did not want to add client software on the end-users PC’s nor have to train the end-users on new methods of checking the status of their print jobs.While the solution needed to be SAP certified, it also needed to provide the Help Desk with the ability to manage and monitor print in the SAP environment and the legacy, in house developed applications.
Technical Solution– After considering and evaluating several vendors, the customer chose to implement OM Plus the print spooler solution from Plus Technologies.They chose to implement the base OM Plus server module, the OM Plus Java GUI User Interface for their administrators/help desk and the OM Plus HTML User Interface for the end-users who wanted a zero client solution for advanced control of their print jobs.All other users who just need basic printed or not printed yet information and printer status can see that using the standard SAP GUI because OM Plus communicates this information back to SAP. Print Jobs are now “captured” by OM Plus and delivered to the appropriate device, fax system or email system.No modifications were required to either the SAP Applications or the AIX operating environment.The users just print as they normally do within SAP, and OM Plus does the rest. Administrators have a single, easy-to-use tool to solve printing issues in their new environment saving many help desk man-hours each week (over 70% of their help desk calls had been print related). Utilizing functionality built into OM Plus, users can also now select Fax or email as destinations and “print” their job directly to a fax or email server.
OM Plus system administrator ratio control through the provision of very significant cost efficiency and centralized management features, please print the entire operation. Too,
Implementation – Installing, configuring, and testing were completed in under a week.The customer installed the OM Plus system without any formal training. A Plus Technologies engineer worked remotely via phone to assist the customer with the installation of the OM Plus software and to provide configuration assistance.This level of phone-based service is standard and included without additional charge in all purchases of Plus Technologies software.
Results – Utilizing OM Plus allows the customer’s system administrators to centrally manage their print/output across the entire enterprise.The OM Plus implementation increased the customer’s overall print related reliability substantially.Because OM Plus is SAP certified to the BC-XOM standard, it can confirm, from end-to-end, the delivery of a print job and notify SAP of a successful delivery of the job.Without OM Plus, all SAP knows is that it delivered the job to the operating system’s print spooling utility. The IT and end-user productivity was significant because (prior to OM Plus) over 70% of the calls to their help desk were print related.Utilizing a zero client deployment strategy allowed the end-users to manage their own print without modifications to the standard SAP user interface or without adding any client software on the end-users’ PC’s.
From the standpoint of a system, the implementation of OM Plus also lead to significant positive results. The new OM Plus print server architecture relieves pressure management of the customer's application and database servers to enhance the reliability and productivity of the systems. The OM Plus status to standardize print management screens for the administrators on all platforms and applications, not only SAP applications and servers, but their legacy environment.
Customer Quote – “We have utilized Plus Technologies print and output management solutions for quite some time.With the additional functionality we get from OM Plus (communication with SAP, delivery to fax or email) we are able to improve our efficiency and many of our business processes.”
Plus Technologies Case Studies– The Plus Technologies case study series includes real examples of how companies use Advanced Spooling Solutions to streamline operations, reduce cost and/or add functionality to existing business processes.For more information on these case studies, contact Plus Technologies.
Data Management Solutions
Enterprise Data Management (EDM) is the basic concept of managing data in a central repository with protected access along with ways to share data responsibly.? Various approaches have been pushed into a production environment with this goal in mind.? These uncoordinated approaches by various segments of the organization can result in data conflicts and quality inconsistencies – making it difficult for users to trust the data as it is incorporated into models, mapped to applications, used to perform calculations, shared among participants and relied upon for decision-making.? Enterprise level data search capabilities has proven to be very useful for a fast paced environment and can provide a rapid return of input that is valuable.? This technology helps the end user make faster decisions based on the same information that could have taken days to receive instead of a few seconds.? Many developers and companies have created a wide variety of this same concept, but over the years that concept has strayed off course.? The basic concept is to create a single source search capability with the ease of use for the end user along with reliable results that pertain to the end users request in a timely manner.?? Now we have a large amount of software that performs similar functions each with a slightly different take on the overall objective.?? Operational DataTek puts the simple concept back in the forefront and pull the efforts of different communities into one management system.
BUILDING THE OBJECTIVE:?
While the Operational DataTek solution was being design and conceptualized, the key fundamentals were never overlooked.? Provide the user with what they need to do their job faster and more efficiently than ever before.? How can this be achieved?? Simple, listen to their request and learn from there needs.? In order to do this the system will also have to conform to change.? A dynamically changing system is what holds the key to success.? If the user is searching for a specific location in an area of interest, those results will be packed with information on that item.? Now the system knows the users is doing research on this particular item and will automatically let that user know when new items come in that meet the criteria either by instant message, email or notification the next time they login.? We can even provide a cross reference to more information that has commonalities besides the original keywords that were used to return the result set.? Now you’re getting results that are specific to your search without providing a cross reference of key words to pull back data.? A basic keyword search doesn’t have to return the basic results; it should contain a rich set of content that can help the end user expand their view on the problem set.? Our system provides that technology for the user.
Technical solutions designed for simplicity and security requirements working together without compromise to the purpose is our solution.? Empower your analysts with a single source solution and open the door to data sharing across the board that will result in answers that didn’t exist before.
AUTOMATION, NOT PERSPIRATION!???
Building a data management system that maintains itself is the ideal solution for any agency or command utilizing these tools.? Even with computer technology today, a 100% automated solution isn’t realistic, but the closer you are to that percentage the lower overall cost of maintenance.? We have created a system that is automated to the max.? It is automated where is should be automated and manual process are kept where necessary.? As new data sets are added or existing sets change, the system will adjust itself to maximize on productivity and system resources.? An end user can login to the system and manage their own datasets by either uploading products or creating them on the fly.? Simple data entry forms make it easy to create a standardized product.? As a product is created, it can automatically be searchable by other users doing similar research.? The creator of the product can manage how the document is handled, which means the end user can simply make a few changes to their settings and their products are either shared with the entire network or specific users and groups.? This is data sharing at its finest.? Let’s let the people who create these products share them out to who needs to know and get problems sets resolved.? The automated system will share out the products created or uploaded by users based on how the user wants their information shared; there is nothing they need to do to incorporate them into any search results.
DATA, DATA & MORE DATA:
Data is the heart of the system. Our system will provide a capability for users to create their own data sets and these, in their own profile. Together with the creation of products, the user other user products can as long as the user to access search. In addition to the user to create and maintain their own products, there are alternative methods to obtain data, and we are prepared. Some records can be automatically recorded worldwide locations. Either via FTP, basic file system locations or allows a direct connection to another database with permission.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - 100% Automation
- Data starts out from the original source and is transferred to the Common File System location
- Data will be tagged and parsed and ready for final ingestion process in the System Database
- Data is now searchable by users?
- File System Transfer - 50% Automation
- Data starts out from the original source and is manually dropped into a folder on the Common File System location
- Data will be tagged and parsed and ready for final ingestion process in the System Database
- Data is now searchable by users?
- DB 2 DB: - 100% Automation
- The system connects to a remote database with given permissions by source owner
- Database structure of remote database is mapped and individual products are created and dropped into a folder ready for ingestion
Data will be tagged and parsed and ready for final ingestion process in the System Database - Data is now searchable by users?
DATASHARE:?
Each user will be able to create and maintain its use of easy to use interface their products. Once a product has been created, it will achieve the best performance of the other data set indexes. Even if the main objective of data sharing, some of which data sets require more secure access. These data sets will only be right with the user credentials. With the products created by individual users to share one set of data can come into the system automatically from the external sources.
DATASTREAM:?
Streaming data will also be available using multiple methods including File Transfer Protocol, Drop Folders and Database Connections.? The file system is automatically maintained so you don’t end up with folder names that have very little meaning to someone looking at it for the first time. The system maintains its own naming convention to keep file system organization standardized.? Information moving in and out of the file system will be monitored for inconsistencies and maintain structure.???
DATAPROC:
Each dataset is parsed individually with a process geared towards that particular format.? Each parsing procedure is based on a common standardization format, but this can be customized for each data set that might have unique aspects that need to be exploited.? This portion of the Dataflow process is extremely importation because this is where the data is optimized for search capabilities.
Data definitions and tagging: One of the main challenges associated with EDM is the ability to transfer data, comparing from several internal and external sources. In many cases these sources are inconsistent terms and definitions used to describe the data content itself - make it difficult to relate data to compare hard-to-business processes, hard to complex applications and automate difficult to exchange data feed too. This often leads to a difficult process of data mapping and cross-references. Normalization of all concepts and definitions on the data attribute level is designated as part of the EDM metadata and is an essential prerequisite for effective data management.
STRUCTURE:
Database, each record has a good basis for a wealth of information associated with. As a product into the system intake, multiple runs of the product development process, information may be missed, and has created the most primitive Meta record and related products. Interested in this process to create a few items:
Full text extraction of original source
Word tagging based on content in full text extraction
XML markup of text extraction
Global variables that are populated with each record
Original product format for future reference
Metrics for each record and data set as a whole
Associated data relationships between other related products
Data Model Theory: A data model theory has three main components:
The structural part: a collection of data structures which are used to create databases representing the entities or objects modeled by the database.
The integrity part: a collection of rules governing the constraints placed on these data structures to ensure structural integrity.
The manipulation part: a collection of operators which can be applied to the data structures, to update and query the data contained in the database.
DATABASE INDIVIDUALITY:
What drives the usefulness of the data, how the data can be retrieved and used in an operational environment. Each user receives a certain amount of space to host it in the database for their own products. The data, which has created by a user, will also be integrated with other data sets that are taken by different methods. Each record has its own data, but each has also built boards that connect the data connection. Running a cross between two single tops have never been so easy with this method. Cross reference material displayed so that the user assumes that this particular product data, which contains the original question in context. The associated data can not use the key words in order to obtain this information, but it is directly on the keyword and tagging technology.
FRONT-END USABILITY:
And difficult when using a set of tools, how the end user in mind, once these users, the layout, to create an interface must correspond to the arrival of multi-function button required. Graphical interface is good, and must be understood not see, understand its intent. Users can see the screen, you should be able to understand what information is displayed or the function of each button.
- Web based user interface:
- This application will be the most widely accessible application.?
- DataTek light java based application:
- This application is a smaller version of the web based application and the desktop application.? It can pull results back fast and easy with limited capability.? It’s good for a quick and dirty way of getting results.? The application can be downloaded online or installed via CD depending on availability.?
- Desktop application
- The desktop application has the same functionality as the web based application except for a few additional features.
GEOSPATIAL INTEGRATION
Geospatial tools are becoming more important than raw data itself.? For a user to visualize message traffic on a graphical representation of any given location helps the user see how the data relates spatially.? The open source community has created many unique web enabled geospatial applications which helps lower overall development costs and gives us the ability to create geospatial tools exactly how we see need.?
A geospatial application has shown its use in the field as necessary as any other tool out there.? When a product has a geospatial coordinate associated with it, the ingestion process will pick up that information and mark the product as geo operable.
TRAINING:?
Training is always a key asset to any system in the field.? With the simple ease of use, training becomes a community effort where the user next to you will have the answer.?? This system is designed from a quick and easy Google type search to a more advanced and detailed search.? If an end user doesn’t fully grasp the more advanced features, or they don’t have the time, they can still utilize the system to its full operational capability with the basic functions at their fingertips.
Current Development Situation of SCRUM
Systems are developed in a highly complicated environment. The complexity is both within the development environment and the target environment. For example, when the air traffic control system development was initiated, three-tier client server systems and airline deregulation did not have to be considered. Yet, these environmental and technical changes occurred during the project and had to be taken into account within the system being built.
Environmental variables include:
· Availability of skilled professionals - the newer the technology, tools, methods, and domain, the smaller the pool of skilled professionals.
· Stability of implementation technology - the newer the technology, the lower the stability and the greater the need to balance the technology with other technologies and manual procedures.
· Stability and power of tools - the newer and more powerful the development tool, the smaller the pool of skilled professionals and the more unstable the tool functionality.
· Effectiveness of methods - what modeling, testing, version control, and design methods are going to be used, and how effective, efficient, and proven are they.
4
· Domain expertise - are skilled professionals available in the various domains, including business and technology.
· New features - what entirely new features are going to be added, and to what degree will these fit with current functionality.
· Methodology - does the overall approach to developing systems and using the selected methods promote flexibility, or is this a rigid, detailed approach that restricts flexibility.
· Competition - what will the competition do during the project? What new functionality will be announced or released.
· Time/Funding - how much time is available initially and as the project progresses?
How much development funding is available.
· Other variables - any other factors that must be responded to during the project to ensure the success of the resulting, delivered system, such as reorganizations.
The overall complexity is a function of these variables : complexity = f(development environment variables + target environment variables) where these variables may and do change during the course of the project.
As the complexity of the project increases, the greater the need for controls, particularly the ongoing assessment and response to risk.
Attempts to model this development process have encountered the following problems:
· Many of the development processes are uncontrolled. The inputs and outputs are either unknown or loosely defined, the transformation process lacks necessary precision, and quality control is not defined. Testing processes are an example.
· An unknown number of development processes that bridge known but uncontrolled processes are unidentified. Detailed processes to ensure that a logical model contains adequate content to lead to a successful physical model is one such process.
· Environmental input (requirements) can only be taken into consideration at the beginning of the process. Complex change management procedures are required thereafter.
Attempts to impose a micro, or detailed, methodology model on the development process have not worked because the development process is still not completely defined. Acting
5 as though the development process is defined and predictable results in being unprepared for the unpredictable results.
What Is Windows Azure?
Windows® Azure is a runtime environment in the cloud that delivers on-demand compute, storage, and automated systems management. Windows Azure provides developers with the ability to host, scale, and manage Web applications on the Internet through Microsoft® data centers.
Get Started Quickly Using Your Existing Skills. Windows Azure reduces barriers to entry to creating reliable and scalable web applications because it is an open platform that supports both Microsoft and non-Microsoft technologies allowing developers to build applications and services on Windows Azure using their existing Microsoft® Visual Studio® 2008 or non-Microsoft programming languages and tools, such as PHP.
Standards Based Platform. Windows Azure supports popular standards and protocols including SOAP, REST, and XML. Using the Windows Azure tools, developers can build, debug, and deploy to Windows Azure directly from their existing development environment.
Control and Scalability. Developers have control of their environment and can specify their own performance standards while paying only for the resources needed for their applications. New Fabric Controller technology in Windows Azure provides developers with the ability to upgrade applications without interruption. Windows Azure includes tracing, logging, and monitoring functionality, giving insight into resource usage and performance.
Posted in: C# and .NET| Tags: Windows Microsoft Cloud Windows Azure Azure Runtime Control web ability performance environment platformHow to: Remove an Object from Cache (Velocity)
The following examples show the ways you can remove objects from the cache. These procedures assume that you have already set up your cache cluster and have prepared your development environment to write cache-enabled applications. For more information about how to do this, see Installation and Deployment (Velocity) and How to: Prepare the Development Environment (Velocity).
For more details about the methods that are used in these examples, see these class library topics:
Remove
Item
Data in the cache is not encrypted and is available to any cache client with the appropriate configuration settings. We highly recommend that you secure the XML-based application configuration files, if used, to specify the cache client.
To remove an object from the cache
Make sure that the using statement (Imports in Visual Basic) is at the top of your application code to reference the Microsoft.Data.Caching namespace.
Create a DataCacheFactory object that is accessible to all parts of the application that need a cache client. We recommend reusing the same DataCacheFactory object to conserve memory and optimize performance.
Use the DataCacheFactory object to create a DataCache object (also referred to as the cache client) if you have not already done this. In the following examples, the DataCacheFactory instance is called CacheFactory1.
After you have the DataCache object, the Remove method or Item property may be used to remove an object from cache.
Example
The following example uses the Remove method to remove an object from cache.
Note
There are many other parameters available for this method. See the Remove class library for more information.
C# Copy Code
//remove object in cache using key "Key0"
myCache.Remove("Key0");
The following example uses the Item property that has array notation to remove an object from cache.
C# Copy Code
//remove object in cache using array notation
myCache["Key0"] = null;